| CHAPTER 5-The Declension of the Monetary System From Bimetallism to Fiat Currency: The Removal of Gold | | 867 |
| A. The Gold Seizure: Presidential and Congressional Action | | 867 |
| 1. Background to Catastrophe: The Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917 | | 867 |
| 2. Roosevelt's Gold Seizure Under Color of the Trading With the Enemy Act | | 876 |
| a. The Involvement of the Federal Reserve System | | 877 |
| b. Presidential Proclamation No. 2039 | | 882 |
| 3. The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 | | 886 |
| a. The Congressional Debates | | 886 |
| 891 |
| 4. Presidential Proclamation No. 2040 | | 927 |
| 5. Executive Order No. 6073 | | 927 |
| 6. Roosevelt's First "Fireside Chat" | | 928 |
| 7. Executive Order No. 6102 | | 933 |
| 8. The Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933 | | 937 |
| a. The Congressional Debates | | 937 |
| 968 |
| 9. House Joint Resolution No. 192 | | 984 |
| a. The Congressional Debates | | 985 |
| b. The Substance of the Joint Resolution | | 1008 |
| 10. Executive Order No. 6260 | | 1024 |
| 11. Campbell v. Chase National Bank, Campbell v. Medalie, and United States v. Campbell | | 1027 |
| 12. The Secretary of the Treasury's Order of 28 December 1933 | | 1046 |
| 13. Executive Order No. 6556 | | 1048 |
| 14. The Secretary of the Treasury's Order of 15 January 1934 | | 1049 |
| 15. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 | | 1050 |
| a. The Congressional Debates | | 1050 |
| 1108 |
| 16. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072 | | 1116 |
| 17. A Summing Up of Roosevelt's Monetary Revolution | | 1117 |
| 18. The Devolution in Politicians' Monetary Thinking Between 1896 and 1934 | | 1120 |
| B. The Gold Seizure: The Gold Clause Cases | | 1127 |
| 1. The Supreme Court's Refusal To Review the Gold Seizure | | 1128 |
| 2. The Supreme Court's Decisions | | 1164 |
| a. Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company | | 1164 |
| b. Nortz v. United States | | 1186 |
| c. Perry v. United States | | 1191 |
| d. The Dissent in the Gold Clause Cases | | 1204 |
| e. The Totalitarian Imperative of the Gold Clause Cases | | 1207 |
| 3. Congressional Reaction to Perry v. United States | | 1211 |
| 4. The Constitutional Residue of Perry v. United States | | 1212 |
| C. The Terminal Phase of Congressional Abdication of Control Over the Statutory "Gold Dollar" | | 1233 |
| CHAPTER 6-The Declension of the Monetary System From Bimetallism to Fiat Currency: The Removal of Silver | | 1241 |
| A. Presidential and Congressional Actions during the 1930s and 1940s | | 1241 |
| B. The Silver Purchase Repeal Act of 1963 | | 1254 |
| C. The Coinage Act of 1965 | | 1257 |
| D. The Silver Certificate Act of 1967 | | 1259 |
| E. The Bank Holding Company Act of 1970 | | 1264 |
| F. The Coinage Act of 1978 | | 1266 |
| G. The United States $1 Coin Act of 1997 | | 1266 |
| CHAPTER 7-The Partial Reintroduction of Gold and Silver Into the Monetary System | | 1269 |
| A. Legalization of Private Ownership of Gold | | 1269 |
| B. Legalization of Gold-clause Contracts | | 1271 |
| C. New Silver and Gold Coinage | | 1273 |
| 1. Bullion and Proof Coins | | 1273 |
| 2. Commemorative Silver and Gold Coins | | 1293 |
| 3. Analysis of the Hodgepodge of Specie "Dollars" | | 1308 |
| D. Judges' and Politicians' Assaults on the Monetary Character and Permanence of the New Silver and Gold Coinage | | 1311 |
| CHAPTER 8-Some Contemporary Litigation Over the Monetary Powers and Disabilities | | 1345 |
BOOK THREE-The Unconstitutionality of America's Contemporary Systems of Money and Banking | 1401 |
| CHAPTER 1-The Unconstitutionality of a Monetary System Consisting of Base-metallic Coinage and Irredeemable Bank Notes | | 1403 |
| A. The Unconstitutionality of Base-metallic Coinage With Full Legal-tender Character | | 1404 |
| B. The Unconstitutionality of Irredeemable, Legal-tender Federal Reserve Notes | | 1405 |
| 1. The Monetary Character of Irredeemable, Legal-tender Federal Reserve Notes | | 1406 |
| 2. The Constitutional Impossibility of Irredeemable, Legal-tender Federal Reserve Notes | | 1419 |
| CHAPTER 2-The Unconstitutionality of the Federal Reserve System's Corporative-state Banking Oligarchy | | 1423 |
| A. The Nature of the Powers Congress Has Purportedly Delegated to the Federal Reserve System | | 1423 |
| B. The Unconstitutionality of Any Delegation of Monetary Power | | 1430 |
| C. The Unconstitutionality of Congress's Delegation of Purported Monetary Powers to a Cartel of Private Banks | | 1461 |
| 1. The Unconstitutionality of Delegation of Governmental Authority to Private Parties: Some General Considerations | | 1461 |
| 2. The Supreme Court's Precedents of the 1930s: A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States and Carter v. Carter Coal Company | | 1463 |
| 3. Decisions of State Courts on Delegation of Governmental Powers to Private Parties | | 1470 |
| 4. Application of Schechter, Carter, and Other Judicial Precedents to the Federal Reserve System | | 1475 |
BOOK FOUR-Reconstruction of America's Constitutional Systems of Money and Banking | 1525 |
| CHAPTER 1-The Basic Steps Necessary to Reform America's Constitutional Systems of Money and Banking | | 1527 |
| A. Provision of Silver, Gold, and Token Coinage | | 1528 |
| 1528 |
| 1531 |
| 1531 |
| 1532 |
| 1535 |
| B. Governmental Finances on the Specie Standard | | 1536 |
| C. Reformation of America's Banking System | | 1539 |
| D. Withdrawal of Special Legal Privileges From Federal Reserve Notes | | 1549 |
| E. Ownership of the National Stock of Gold | | 1576 |
| CHAPTER 2-Cutting the Gordian Knot of Monetary and Banking Reform | | 1587 |
| Appendix A: Model Congressional Act for the Protection of Persons Who Receive, Pay, and Exchange Various Forms of United States Coin and Currency | | 1663 |
| Appendix B: Model State Act for the Monetization of Silver and Gold Coin With Respect to Essential Sovereign Functions | | 1664 |
TABLES of AUTHORITIES | 1667 |
| TABLE of CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS | | 1669 |
| 1669 |
| Articles of Confederation | | 1669 |
| United States Constitution | | 1669 |
| 1671 |
| 1672 |
| United States Statutes at Large | | 1672 |
| 1677 |
| Treaties and International Agreements | | 1684 |
| State and Colonial Statutes | | 1685 |
| 1685 |
| 1686 |
| TABLE of LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS | | 1687 |
| 1687 |
| United States House and Senate Documents, Reports, Hearings, and Bills | | 1687 |
| 1688 |
| TABLE of EXECUTIVE ACTIONS | | 1689 |
| Presidential Proclamations | | 1689 |
| 1689 |
| 1689 |
| 1689 |
| 1690 |
| 1691 |
| 1691 |
| 1692 |
| Supreme Court of the United States | | 1692 |
| 1706 |
| 1709 |
| 1712 |
| 1713 |
| Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States | | 1713 |
| Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure | | 1713 |
| Federal Rules of Civil Procedure | | 1713 |
| TABLE of SECONDARY AUTHORITIES | | 1714 |
| 1714 |
| 1714 |
| 1715 |
| 1719 |
| 1722 |