| | CHAPTER 5-The Declension of the Monetary System From Bimetallism to Fiat Currency: The Removal of Gold |
| 867 |
| | A. The Gold Seizure: Presidential and Congressional Action |
| 867 |
| | 1. Background to Catastrophe: The Trading With the Enemy Act of 1917 |
| 867 |
| | 2. Roosevelt's Gold Seizure Under Color of the Trading With the Enemy Act |
| 876 |
| | a. The Involvement of the Federal Reserve System |
| 877 |
| | b. Presidential Proclamation No. 2039 |
| 882 |
| | 3. The Emergency Banking Act of 1933 |
| 886 |
| | a. The Congressional Debates |
| 886 |
| | 891 |
| | 4. Presidential Proclamation No. 2040 |
| 927 |
| | 5. Executive Order No. 6073 |
| 927 |
| | 6. Roosevelt's First "Fireside Chat" |
| 928 |
| | 7. Executive Order No. 6102 |
| 933 |
| | 8. The Emergency Farm Mortgage Act of 1933 |
| 937 |
| | a. The Congressional Debates |
| 937 |
| | 968 |
| | 9. House Joint Resolution No. 192 |
| 984 |
| | a. The Congressional Debates |
| 985 |
| | b. The Substance of the Joint Resolution |
| 1008 |
| | 10. Executive Order No. 6260 |
| 1024 |
| | 11. Campbell v. Chase National Bank, Campbell v. Medalie, and United States v. Campbell |
| 1027 |
| | 12. The Secretary of the Treasury's Order of 28 December 1933 |
| 1046 |
| | 13. Executive Order No. 6556 |
| 1048 |
| | 14. The Secretary of the Treasury's Order of 15 January 1934 |
| 1049 |
| | 15. The Gold Reserve Act of 1934 |
| 1050 |
| | a. The Congressional Debates |
| 1050 |
| | 1108 |
| | 16. Presidential Proclamation No. 2072 |
| 1116 |
| | 17. A Summing Up of Roosevelt's Monetary Revolution |
| 1117 |
| | 18. The Devolution in Politicians' Monetary Thinking Between 1896 and 1934 |
| 1120 |
| | B. The Gold Seizure: The Gold Clause Cases |
| 1127 |
| | 1. The Supreme Court's Refusal To Review the Gold Seizure |
| 1128 |
| | 2. The Supreme Court's Decisions |
| 1164 |
| | a. Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company |
| 1164 |
| | b. Nortz v. United States |
| 1186 |
| | c. Perry v. United States |
| 1191 |
| | d. The Dissent in the Gold Clause Cases |
| 1204 |
| | e. The Totalitarian Imperative of the Gold Clause Cases |
| 1207 |
| | 3. Congressional Reaction to Perry v. United States |
| 1211 |
| | 4. The Constitutional Residue of Perry v. United States |
| 1212 |
| | C. The Terminal Phase of Congressional Abdication of Control Over the Statutory "Gold Dollar" |
| 1233 |
| | CHAPTER 6-The Declension of the Monetary System From Bimetallism to Fiat Currency: The Removal of Silver |
| 1241 |
| | A. Presidential and Congressional Actions during the 1930s and 1940s |
| 1241 |
| | B. The Silver Purchase Repeal Act of 1963 |
| 1254 |
| | C. The Coinage Act of 1965 |
| 1257 |
| | D. The Silver Certificate Act of 1967 |
| 1259 |
| | E. The Bank Holding Company Act of 1970 |
| 1264 |
| | F. The Coinage Act of 1978 |
| 1266 |
| | G. The United States $1 Coin Act of 1997 |
| 1266 |
| | CHAPTER 7-The Partial Reintroduction of Gold and Silver Into the Monetary System |
| 1269 |
| | A. Legalization of Private Ownership of Gold |
| 1269 |
| | B. Legalization of Gold-clause Contracts |
| 1271 |
| | C. New Silver and Gold Coinage |
| 1273 |
| | 1. Bullion and Proof Coins |
| 1273 |
| | 2. Commemorative Silver and Gold Coins |
| 1293 |
| | 3. Analysis of the Hodgepodge of Specie "Dollars" |
| 1308 |
| | D. Judges' and Politicians' Assaults on the Monetary Character and Permanence of the New Silver and Gold Coinage |
| 1311 |
| | CHAPTER 8-Some Contemporary Litigation Over the Monetary Powers and Disabilities |
| 1345 |
| BOOK THREE-The Unconstitutionality of America's Contemporary Systems of Money and Banking | 1401 |
| | CHAPTER 1-The Unconstitutionality of a Monetary System Consisting of Base-metallic Coinage and Irredeemable Bank Notes |
| 1403 |
| | A. The Unconstitutionality of Base-metallic Coinage With Full Legal-tender Character |
| 1404 |
| | B. The Unconstitutionality of Irredeemable, Legal-tender Federal Reserve Notes |
| 1405 |
| | 1. The Monetary Character of Irredeemable, Legal-tender Federal Reserve Notes |
| 1406 |
| | 2. The Constitutional Impossibility of Irredeemable, Legal-tender Federal Reserve Notes |
| 1419 |
| | CHAPTER 2-The Unconstitutionality of the Federal Reserve System's Corporative-state Banking Oligarchy |
| 1423 |
| | A. The Nature of the Powers Congress Has Purportedly Delegated to the Federal Reserve System |
| 1423 |
| | B. The Unconstitutionality of Any Delegation of Monetary Power |
| 1430 |
| | C. The Unconstitutionality of Congress's Delegation of Purported Monetary Powers to a Cartel of Private Banks |
| 1461 |
| | 1. The Unconstitutionality of Delegation of Governmental Authority to Private Parties: Some General Considerations |
| 1461 |
| | 2. The Supreme Court's Precedents of the 1930s: A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States and Carter v. Carter Coal Company |
| 1463 |
| | 3. Decisions of State Courts on Delegation of Governmental Powers to Private Parties |
| 1470 |
| | 4. Application of Schechter, Carter, and Other Judicial Precedents to the Federal Reserve System |
| 1475 |
| BOOK FOUR-Reconstruction of America's Constitutional Systems of Money and Banking | 1525 |
| | CHAPTER 1-The Basic Steps Necessary to Reform America's Constitutional Systems of Money and Banking |
| 1527 |
| | A. Provision of Silver, Gold, and Token Coinage |
| 1528 |
| | 1528 |
| | 1531 |
| | 1531 |
| | 1532 |
| | 1535 |
| | B. Governmental Finances on the Specie Standard |
| 1536 |
| | C. Reformation of America's Banking System |
| 1539 |
| | D. Withdrawal of Special Legal Privileges From Federal Reserve Notes |
| 1549 |
| | E. Ownership of the National Stock of Gold |
| 1576 |
| | CHAPTER 2-Cutting the Gordian Knot of Monetary and Banking Reform |
| 1587 |
| | Appendix A: Model Congressional Act for the Protection of Persons Who Receive, Pay, and Exchange Various Forms of United States Coin and Currency |
| 1663 |
| | Appendix B: Model State Act for the Monetization of Silver and Gold Coin With Respect to Essential Sovereign Functions |
| 1664 |
| TABLES of AUTHORITIES | 1667 |
| | TABLE of CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS |
| 1669 |
| | 1669 |
| | Articles of Confederation |
| 1669 |
| | United States Constitution |
| 1669 |
| | 1671 |
| | 1672 |
| | United States Statutes at Large |
| 1672 |
| | 1677 |
| | Treaties and International Agreements |
| 1684 |
| | State and Colonial Statutes |
| 1685 |
| | 1685 |
| | 1686 |
| | TABLE of LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS |
| 1687 |
| | 1687 |
| | United States House and Senate Documents, Reports, Hearings, and Bills |
| 1687 |
| | 1688 |
| | TABLE of EXECUTIVE ACTIONS |
| 1689 |
| | Presidential Proclamations |
| 1689 |
| | 1689 |
| | 1689 |
| | 1689 |
| | 1690 |
| | 1691 |
| | 1691 |
| | 1692 |
| | Supreme Court of the United States |
| 1692 |
| | 1706 |
| | 1709 |
| | 1712 |
| | 1713 |
| | Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States |
| 1713 |
| | Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure |
| 1713 |
| | Federal Rules of Civil Procedure |
| 1713 |
| | TABLE of SECONDARY AUTHORITIES |
| 1714 |
| | 1714 |
| | 1714 |
| | 1715 |
| | 1719 |
| | 1722 |